fprobe: Use guard(rcu_sched_notrace) and check rcu_is_watching()
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EPSS probability
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Risk score
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Published
18 h ago
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Vulnerability description
CVE AI research
DayBreach AI Explanation
Verified against sourcesSources read
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Evidence confidence
%55
Short explanation
A use-after-free vulnerability exists in the Linux kernel fprobe subsystem because synchronize_rcu() does not wait for in-flight handlers when executed while RCU is not watching.
This security flaw can lead to use-after-free conditions if an fprobe is freed immediately after unregistration, since standard RCU does not track preemption-disabled sections during extended quiescent states.
What should be done?
- Follow vendor advisories and updates
- Apply necessary patches or code updates for the fprobe component
Chain of evidence and sources
unregister_fprobe() ve unregister_fprobe_async() fonksiyonları standart RCU grace periyotlarına dayanmaktadır.
RCU izleme yapmadığında synchronize_rcu() fonksiyonu devam eden yürütmeleri beklememektedir.
Zaafiyet durumu için yama değerlendirmesi resmi kaynaklarda bilinmiyor (UNKNOWN) olarak belirtilmiştir.
Show the technical text from the sources
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fprobe: Use guard(rcu_sched_notrace) and check rcu_is_watching() unregister_fprobe() and unregister_fprobe_async() (used by BPF kprobe-multi) rely on standard RCU grace periods (synchronize_rcu() and call_rcu()) to wait until in-flight fprobe handlers complete before freeing the fprobe. However, if an fprobe handler executes while RCU is not watching (such as in the idle loop or nohz_full extended quiescent states), standard RCU does not track preemption-disabled sections. Consequently, synchronize_rcu() does not wait for those executions, which can lead to a use-after-free if the fprobe is freed immediately after unregistration. Ensure handlers exit early when !rcu_is_watching(). Furthermore, fprobe_fgraph_entry() and fprobe_ftrace_entry() previously used guard(rcu)() and rcu_read_lock(), which invoke lockdep on every hit under CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING. This adds overhead and can cause lockdep recursion if probed functions interact with lockdep. Since rhltable_lookup() and rhl_for_each_entry_rcu() use rcu_dereference_all_check() (which checks rcu_read_lock_any_held()), holding preemption disabled via rcu_read_lock_sched_notrace() is fully valid and sufficient so long as rcu_is_watching() is true. Define and use guard(rcu_sched_notrace)() across fprobe_ftrace_entry(), fprobe_fgraph_entry(), and fprobe_return(). This eliminates fast-path rcu_read_lock() and lockdep overhead while guaranteeing safe grace period synchronization.
Explanation produced with the local gemini-flash-lite-latest model. Numerical metrics and the KEV, patch and exploit statuses are not determined by AI.
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Public exploit and active exploitation status
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No verified public PoC, exploit repository or Metasploit module has been found for this CVE yet.
Weakness Classification and Attack Patterns (CWE & CAPEC)
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorises the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-98861 is associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-98861 weaknesses.
Official Sources and Advisories
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