Remark42: Rate limit bypass via unconditional trust of X-Forwarded-For/X-Real-IP headers in direct-internet deployment
CVSS score
6.5
EPSS probability
—
Risk score
0.7
Published
2 h ago
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Impact on My Inventory
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Vulnerability description
DayBreach AI Explanation
Verified against sourcesSources read
1
Source agreement
Tam uyum
Evidence confidence
%55
Short explanation
Remark42 versions 1.0.0‑1.16.2 trust X‑Forwarded‑For, X‑Real‑IP and True‑Client‑IP headers without verification, allowing remote attackers to spoof these headers to bypass rate limiting, vote de‑duplication and create anonymous identities.
The exploit can generate fake votes, anonymous accounts and polluted IP logs, undermining comment system integrity and posing a limited denial‑of‑service risk.
What should be done?
- Upgrade to version 1.16.2
- Configure the --trusted-proxy flag appropriately
- Do not trust X‑Forwarded‑For‑type headers without a trusted proxy
- Monitor vendor advisory for updates
- Watch logs for abnormal IP behavior
- Apply network‑level header filtering if needed
Chain of evidence and sources
Remark42, X‑Forwarded‑For, X‑Real‑IP ve True‑Client‑IP başlıklarını doğrulamadan güvenerek oran sınırlamasını atlatma imkanı sağlar.
Mitigasyon, 1.16.2 sürümünde mevcuttur ancak --trusted-proxy parametresinin doğru yapılandırılmasını gerektirir.
CISA KEV listesinde yer almadığı için aktif istismar raporlanmamıştır.
Show the technical text from the sources
Remark42 is a self-hosted comment engine for blogs, articles, or any other place where readers can add comments. From 1.0.0 until 1.16.2, Remark42 globally trusts True-Client-IP, X-Real-IP, and X-Forwarded-For without verifying that the direct peer is a trusted proxy, and middleware.RealIP overwrites r.RemoteAddr before per-IP controls run. In a directly reachable deployment, or a proxy that forwards attacker-controlled headers, a remote attacker can rotate spoofed forwarding headers to obtain fresh token buckets for rate-limited endpoints, bypass vote de-duplication when --votes-ip is enabled, mint anonymous identities, and poison stored comment IPs and request logs. The global concurrent-request throttle and per-request timeouts still limit availability impact. Mitigation support is available in version 1.16.2, but operators must configure --trusted-proxy for the deployment topology.
CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
CWE: CWE-348, CWE-807
This explanation was compiled automatically from the source records. Scores, active exploitation, patch and exploit status come straight from the sources.
IMPACT: Affected Products and Software
Affected Products
The following products are affected by CVE-2026-77463 vulnerability. Where our threat engine knows the exact affected versions, they are listed below.
| ID | VENDOR | PRODUCT | ACTION |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | umputun | remark42 | View |
RED HAT CSAF/VEX: Product Impact Check
SCORING: CVSS from Multiple Sources
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardised framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and display CVSS scores from several sources for each CVE.
| SCORE | VERSION | SEVERITY | VECTOR | SOURCE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.5 | CVSS V31 | MEDIUM | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L | NVD |
| 6.5 | CVSS V3_1 | MEDIUM | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L | CVE CNA |
Patch and Remediation Guide
Solution & Remediation Advisory
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Public exploit and active exploitation status
Verified exploit intelligence
No verified public PoC, exploit repository or Metasploit module has been found for this CVE yet.
Weakness Classification and Attack Patterns (CWE & CAPEC)
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorises the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-77463 is associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-77463 weaknesses.
Attack Vector and Accessibility
Official Sources and Advisories
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