NULL pointer dereference in Zephyr LwM2M client when the CoAP Block1 context pool is exhausted
CVSS score
5.9
EPSS probability
%0.3
Risk score
0.0
Published
20 d ago
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Vulnerability description
DayBreach CVE AI Research
CVE-2026-18746 has vendor, distribution, patch and security-source records on file. We can compare them and prepare an explanation linked to the evidence.
parse_write_op() in subsys/net/lib/lwm2m/lwm2m_message_handling.c handles inbound CoAP WRITE/CREATE requests that carry a Block1 option. For the first block of a transfer it called init_block_ctx() and then immediately stored the peer-selected block size with block_ctx->ctx.block_size = block_size before inspecting the return code. init_block_ctx() sets the caller's pointer to NULL and returns -ENOMEM when no entry of the static block1_contexts[] pool is free or timed out, so that store dereferences a NULL pointer. The pool holds CONFIG_LWM2M_NUM_BLOCK1_CONTEXT entries (default 3) and an entry is only reclaimed once its transfer completes, fails, or ages past 30 seconds. A peer that reaches the client's LwM2M socket can therefore start three block-wise writes on three distinct object paths with the CoAP More bit set and leave them incomplete, then send the first block of a fourth write on a new path to reach the unguarded dereference. Reachability is gated only by the connected UDP socket's source-address filter unless CONFIG_LWM2M_DTLS_SUPPORT is enabled — which has no default — so in a NoSec deployment an on-path or address-spoofing attacker needs no credentials; the same sequence is also reachable from a bootstrap or lower-trust server, and can be hit accidentally by a legitimate server running four concurrent block transfers. The write targets a fixed low address with a value between 0 and 7, so the consequence is a fatal memory fault (BusFault or corrupted low memory leading to a fault) rather than a usable memory-corruption primitive: the device crashes or resets. Confidentiality and integrity are not affected. The fix moves the store below the guard and validates the context pointer itself instead of the return code, so the context is only touched once it is known to be valid.
IMPACT: Affected Products and Software
Affected Products
The following products are affected by CVE-2026-18746 vulnerability. Where our threat engine knows the exact affected versions, they are listed below.
| ID | VENDOR | PRODUCT | ACTION |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | zephyrproject | zephyr | View |
RED HAT CSAF/VEX: Product Impact Check
SCORING: CVSS from Multiple Sources
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardised framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and display CVSS scores from several sources for each CVE.
| SCORE | VERSION | SEVERITY | VECTOR | SOURCE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.9 | CVSS V31 | MEDIUM | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H | NVD |
| 5.9 | CVSS V3_1 | MEDIUM | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H | CVE CNA |
Patch and Remediation Guide
Solution & Remediation Advisory
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Public exploit and active exploitation status
Verified exploit intelligence
No verified public PoC, exploit repository or Metasploit module has been found for this CVE yet.
Weakness Classification and Attack Patterns (CWE & CAPEC)
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorises the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-18746 is associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-18746 weaknesses.
Attack Vector and Accessibility
Official Sources and Advisories
CVSS Vector Radar Chart
5.9 / 10Vulnerability Scoring Details
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HYama doğrulandı
Weakness Type (CWE & CAPEC)
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