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CVE-2025-22069

riscv: fgraph: Fix stack layout to match __arch_ftrace_regs argument of ftrace_return_to_handler

CVSS score

7.8

EPSS probability

%0.2

Risk score

0.0

Published

1 y ago

Official patch verified

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Vulnerability description

DayBreach CVE AI Research

CVE-2025-22069 has vendor, distribution, patch and security-source records on file. We can compare them and prepare an explanation linked to the evidence.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: riscv: fgraph: Fix stack layout to match __arch_ftrace_regs argument of ftrace_return_to_handler Naresh Kamboju reported a "Bad frame pointer" kernel warning while running LTP trace ftrace_stress_test.sh in riscv. We can reproduce the same issue with the following command: ``` $ cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing $ echo 'f:myprobe do_nanosleep%return args1=$retval' > dynamic_events $ echo 1 > events/fprobes/enable $ echo 1 > tracing_on $ sleep 1 ``` And we can get the following kernel warning: [ 127.692888] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 127.693755] Bad frame pointer: expected ff2000000065be50, received ba34c141e9594000 [ 127.693755] from func do_nanosleep return to ffffffff800ccb16 [ 127.698699] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 129 at kernel/trace/fgraph.c:755 ftrace_return_to_handler+0x1b2/0x1be [ 127.699894] Modules linked in: [ 127.700908] CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 129 Comm: sleep Not tainted 6.14.0-rc3-g0ab191c74642 #32 [ 127.701453] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT) [ 127.701859] epc : ftrace_return_to_handler+0x1b2/0x1be [ 127.702032] ra : ftrace_return_to_handler+0x1b2/0x1be [ 127.702151] epc : ffffffff8013b5e0 ra : ffffffff8013b5e0 sp : ff2000000065bd10 [ 127.702221] gp : ffffffff819c12f8 tp : ff60000080853100 t0 : 6e00000000000000 [ 127.702284] t1 : 0000000000000020 t2 : 6e7566206d6f7266 s0 : ff2000000065bd80 [ 127.702346] s1 : ff60000081262000 a0 : 000000000000007b a1 : ffffffff81894f20 [ 127.702408] a2 : 0000000000000010 a3 : fffffffffffffffe a4 : 0000000000000000 [ 127.702470] a5 : 0000000000000000 a6 : 0000000000000008 a7 : 0000000000000038 [ 127.702530] s2 : ba34c141e9594000 s3 : 0000000000000000 s4 : ff2000000065bdd0 [ 127.702591] s5 : 00007fff8adcf400 s6 : 000055556dc1d8c0 s7 : 0000000000000068 [ 127.702651] s8 : 00007fff8adf5d10 s9 : 000000000000006d s10: 0000000000000001 [ 127.702710] s11: 00005555737377c8 t3 : ffffffff819d899e t4 : ffffffff819d899e [ 127.702769] t5 : ffffffff819d89a0 t6 : ff2000000065bb18 [ 127.702826] status: 0000000200000120 badaddr: 0000000000000000 cause: 0000000000000003 [ 127.703292] [<ffffffff8013b5e0>] ftrace_return_to_handler+0x1b2/0x1be [ 127.703760] [<ffffffff80017bce>] return_to_handler+0x16/0x26 [ 127.704009] [<ffffffff80017bb8>] return_to_handler+0x0/0x26 [ 127.704057] [<ffffffff800d3352>] common_nsleep+0x42/0x54 [ 127.704117] [<ffffffff800d44a2>] __riscv_sys_clock_nanosleep+0xba/0x10a [ 127.704176] [<ffffffff80901c56>] do_trap_ecall_u+0x188/0x218 [ 127.704295] [<ffffffff8090cc3e>] handle_exception+0x14a/0x156 [ 127.705436] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- The reason is that the stack layout for constructing argument for the ftrace_return_to_handler in the return_to_handler does not match the __arch_ftrace_regs structure of riscv, leading to unexpected results.

IMPACT: Affected Products and Software

Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-22069 vulnerability. Where our threat engine knows the exact affected versions, they are listed below.

IDVENDORPRODUCTACTION
1linuxLinux View
2linuxLinux View
3linuxlinux kernel View
Total affected vendors: 1|Products: 3

RED HAT CSAF/VEX: Product Impact Check

Red Hat has not yet published a CSAF/VEX impact record for this CVE. This does not mean “not affected”.

SCORING: CVSS from Multiple Sources

CVSS Scores

The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardised framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and display CVSS scores from several sources for each CVE.

SCOREVERSIONSEVERITYVECTORSOURCE
7.8CVSS V31HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HNVD
7.8CVSS V3_1HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HCVE CNA

Patch and Remediation Guide

Solution & Remediation Advisory

Patch verified

2 doğrulanmış yama veya düzeltilmiş sürüm kanıtı bulundu.

nvd

NVD tarafından Patch olarak etiketlenmiş referans

Open source
nvd

NVD tarafından Patch olarak etiketlenmiş referans

Open source
Confirm the affected product and version against the source evidence above.
Restrict access to internet-facing services and apply network segmentation.
Apply the official update named in the evidence only to the matching product and version.
Monitor server logs and network endpoints for signs of anomalous execution.

Public exploit and active exploitation status

Verified exploit intelligence

No verified public PoC, exploit repository or Metasploit module has been found for this CVE yet.

Weakness Classification and Attack Patterns (CWE & CAPEC)

CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorises the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-22069 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-22069 weaknesses.

Attack Vector and Accessibility

ExposureYerel erişim
PermissionsLow
UserGerekmiyor

Official Sources and Advisories

CVSS Vector Radar Chart

7.8 / 10
Attack VectorLocalComplexityLowPrivilegesLowUser Interact.NoneConfidentialityLowIntegrityNoneAvailabilityHigh

Vulnerability Scoring Details

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack VectorLocal
Attack ComplexityLow
Privileges RequiredLow privileges
User InteractionNone required
Confidentiality (Gizlilik)Low
Integrity (Bütünlük)None
Availability (Erişilebilirlik)High

Yama doğrulandı

2 doğrulanmış yama veya düzeltilmiş sürüm kanıtı bulundu.

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Weakness Type (CWE & CAPEC)

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